![]() ![]() The O1/O2 rfb locus includes the following essential genes: (a) wzm and wzt, encoding transmembrane and nucleotide-binding domains of an ABC transporter (b) wbbMNO, encoding glycosyltransferases (c) glf, encoding the UDP-galactopyranose mutase which converts UDP-Gal p to UDP-Gal f and (d) kfoC, which is of unknown function. pneumoniae isolates specify the O1, O2, or O3 serotypes. A survey of genome sequences indicated that the rfb loci of 83% of K. To date, nine O-antigen gene clusters have been defined (for serotypes O1/O2, O3/O5, O4, O8, O12, OL101, OL102, OL103, and OL104). pneumoniae depends on genes of the rfb locus located between the cps and hisI genes. These tools identify and analyze the specific K- and O-loci encoding individual CPS or O-PS structures, respectively. At present, classical structural analysis based on carbohydrate chemistry is efficiently supported by molecular biology and bioinformatics tools for K- and O-antigen typing, including Kaptive Web. However, for the success of K/O-antigen-based treatment strategies, comprehensive knowledge on serotype distribution, novel serotypes, their structural diversity, and genotype–phenotype relationships among clinical isolates are mandatory. pneumoniae O-serotypes (O1, O2, O3, and O5) have recently been developed. Promising bactericidal and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting the most common K. Our results show that current high-throughput genotyping algorithms need to be further refined to consider the effects of ISs on the LPS O-serotype. In silico analysis of 8130 O1 and O2 genomes available in public databases indicated a broader distribution of ISs in rfbs that may influence the actual O-antigen structure. Identified length discrepancies from the reference O-locus resulted from insertion sequences (ISs) within rfb regions of the O-loci. We analyzed discrepancies for O2 serotyping between Kaptive-based predictions (O2 variant 2 serotype) and the actual phenotype (O2 variant 1) for two K. O- and K-loci-based genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or whole genome sequencing WGS has been proposed as a diagnostic tool, including the Kaptive tool available in the public domain. At present, the structural analysis of O-antigens is efficiently supported by bioinformatics. To make such immunotherapy effective, knowledge about O/K-antigen structures, drift, and distribution among clinical isolates is needed. They are promising targets for antibody-based therapies (vaccines and passive immunization) as an alternative to antibiotics. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, O-antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (K-antigen) are its virulence factors and surface antigens, determining O- and K-serotypes and encoded by O- or K-loci. PMID: 33239395.Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen, pointed out by the World Helth Organisation (WHO) as “critical” regarding the highly limited options of treatment. Accessing NCBI data using the NCBI Sequence Viewer and Genome Data Viewer (GDV). Rangwala SH, Kuznetsov A, Ananiev V, Asztalos A, Borodin E, Evgeniev V, Joukov V, Lotov V, Pannu R, Rudnev D, Shkeda A, Weitz EM, Schneider VA. NCBI Sequence Viewer uses third party tools and libraries. ![]() The link will open with three panels (an overview graphical panel a zoomed in graphical panel and a sequence panel) additionally, a marker is set at position 800. This link provides an example of how a viral genome can be shown. Viral genome: AC_000020, sequence viewport and marker ![]() This link will open with two views by default: a graphical panel showing the feature annotation on the sequence and a sequence panel providing the bases of the sequence itself. This link shows a sample mRNA sequence from the Mammalian Genome Collection. Two panels are shown by default: an overview panel showing the density of annotated genes along with a select number of genes for reference and a zoomed in graphical view showing individual features on the record. This particular record shows the beta globin locus on chromosome 11. This link shows a reference genomic region, that is, a genomic region that has undergone substantial curation by staff at NCBI. Human reference genomic region: NG_000007 There are two panels shown by default: an overview panel showing the density of annotated genes along with a select number of genes for reference and a zoomed in graphical view showing a region of the chromosome itself. This link provides a look at human chromosome 1. Embedding the NCBI Sequence View in Web Content ![]()
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